The study nucleoti de substitution is very important both to our understanding of gene evolution and to reliable estimation of phylogenetic relationships. In this paper nucleotide substitution is assumed to be random and the Markov model is applied to the study of the evolution of genes. Then a non-...

The limitations of traditional approaches to selection problems are examined. A problemsolving strategy is presented in which decision-support and knowledge-based techniques play complementary roles. An approach to the representation of knowledge to support the problem-solving strategy is presented ...

A concept of secret sharing scheme with the function of assignment is proposed. It provides great capabilities for many practical applications. In this scheme, the dealer can randomly assign one or more than one participant to get the secret at any time, but these participants can get nothing about ...

An abstraction method developed for the explicit linear temporal logic model checking was geared towards reducing the useless part of the state space during the abstraction period. This reduces the cost during the abstraction period relative to models requiring many useless states. A dining-philosop...