The study nucleoti de substitution is very important both to our understanding of gene evolution and to reliable estimation of phylogenetic relationships. In this paper nucleotide substitution is assumed to be random and the Markov model is applied to the study of the evolution of genes. Then a non-...

An abstraction method developed for the explicit linear temporal logic model checking was geared towards reducing the useless part of the state space during the abstraction period. This reduces the cost during the abstraction period relative to models requiring many useless states. A dining-philosop...

Optimization of adaptive traffic signal timing is one of the most complex problems in traffic control systems. This paper presents an adaptive transit signal priority (TSP) strategy that applies the parallel genetic algorithm (PGA) to optimize adaptive traffic signal control in the presence of TSP. ...

Let G = (V, E) be a complete undirected graph with vertex set V, edge set E, and edge weights /(e) satisfying the triangle inequality. The vertex set V is partitioned into clusters V1, V2, …, Vk. The clustered traveling salesman problem (CTSP) seeks to ...