The study nucleoti de substitution is very important both to our understanding of gene evolution and to reliable estimation of phylogenetic relationships. In this paper nucleotide substitution is assumed to be random and the Markov model is applied to the study of the evolution of genes. Then a non-...

In networks, the stable path problem (SPP) usually results in oscillations in interdomain systems and may cause systems to become unstable. With the rapid development of internet technology, the occurrence of SPPs in interdomain systems has quite recently become a significant focus of research. A fr...

This paper is focused on developing a tracking controller for a hypersonic cruise vehicle using tangent linearization approach. The design of flight control systems for air-breathing hypersonic vehicles is a highly challenging task due to the unique characteristics of the vehicle dynamics. Motivated...

The flux-modulated compound-structure permanent magnet synchronous machine (CS-PMSM), composed of a brushless double rotor machine (DRM) and a conventional permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM), is a power split device for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. In this paper, its operating principl...

Power converters are the typical switched systems which operate based on the alternate switching of the semiconductor switches. The operating mode of power converters consists of several operating stages in one switching period. Each operating stage refers to a sub-circuit or equivalent circuit wher...