1.1 The use of artificial lighting is often required to study the responses of living organisms to contaminants in a controlled manner. Even if the test organism does not require light, the investigator will generally need light to manipulate the samples, and the test might be conducted under the...

A 2-D finite point meshless model was used to simulate the heat transfer and solidification of steel in continuous casting molds to illustrate its use in metallurgy. The latent heat of the pure metal was treated using the temperature recovery method and the latent heat of the alloy was treated using...

The limitations of traditional approaches to selection problems are examined. A problemsolving strategy is presented in which decision-support and knowledge-based techniques play complementary roles. An approach to the representation of knowledge to support the problem-solving strategy is presented ...

Gene expression is a critical process in biological system that is influenced and modulated by many factors including genetic variation. Expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTL) analysis provides a powerful way to understand how genetic variants affect gene expression. For genome wide eQTL analysis...

Craters are salient terrain features on planetary surfaces, and provide useful information about the relative dating of geological unit of planets. In addition, they are ideal landmarks for spacecraft navigation. Due to low contrast and uneven illumination, automatic extraction of craters remains a ...