This paper discusses the algorithms for achieving global states and self-stabilization for communication protocols. It first describes a primary algorithm including its suitability for achieving global states and limitation of self-stabilization for communication protocols. and then presents an impr...

In this paper, an evolving system is introduced. That any system is evolving means that any entity in the system is in developing state and entities compete with each other. Any entity can be represented by development of the entity and its environment consisting of a closed cycle. Any subsystem is ...

A general review of the socio-economic impact of the intelligent transport system (ITS) is presented with a case study to demonstrate the data envelopment analysis method. Cost-benefit analyses are still the dominant method for evaluating ITS and other transport engineering projects, while cost effe...

With the rise of various cloud services, the problem of redundant data is more prominent in the cloud storage systems. How to assign a set of documents to a distributed file system, which can not only reduce storage space, but also ensure the access efficiency as much as possible, is an urgent probl...

When consumers make purchase decisions, they generally refer to the reviews generated by other consumers who have already purchased similar products in order to get more information. Online transaction platforms provide a highly convenient channel for consumers to generate and retrieve product revie...