The study nucleoti de substitution is very important both to our understanding of gene evolution and to reliable estimation of phylogenetic relationships. In this paper nucleotide substitution is assumed to be random and the Markov model is applied to the study of the evolution of genes. Then a non-...

Traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA) theory assumes that decision variables are regarded as inputs or outputs, and no variable can play the roles of both an input and an output at the same time. In fact, there exist some variables that work as inputs and outputs simultaneously and are called ...

An efficient algorithm is proposed for computing the solution to the constrained finite time optimal control (CFTOC) problem for discrete-time piecewise affine (PWA) systems with a quadratic performance index. The maximal positively invariant terminal set, which is feasible and invariant with respec...

Integrator forwarding is a recursive nonlinear design technique for the stabilization of feed-forward systems. However, this method still has some limitation. An improved design method is proposed to extend the field of application of this technique. This method is used to design a stabilizer for th...